History of Royal Mail Post Boxes
The Royal Mail letter box was introduced following the 1840 postal reform, which provided for a universal affordable postage rate. This was easily pre-payable by means of the new adhesive stamps. However, letters still had to be taken to the nearest letter receiving office, which could be miles away. This led to the need for many more convenient places where stamped letters could be posted.
The novelist Anthony Trollope, who was a General Post Office (GPO) official, provided the solution: trialling the continental system of placing locked cast-iron pillar boxes at the roadside and the provision of regular collection times. The first Royal Mail pillar boxes were erected in the Channel Islands in 1852 and extended to the mainland in 1853.
The first letter boxes were hexagonal, but a wide variety of other designs quickly appeared. In 1859, an improved cylindrical design was created for standard use nationwide. This design had its posting aperture positioned beneath a cap for greater protection from rainwater. This standardised design of 1859 was itself soon followed by a variety of new designs: the elegant hexagonal Penfold box with a cap decorated with acanthus leaves (1866); a simple pillar surmounted by a cap with a dentil frieze around its edge (1879); and a large oval version of the simple pillar box form with separate apertures for town and country letters (1899).
Originally, they were painted green but this changed in 1874 as people had difficulty finding them. The cipher on the front of the pillar box signifies during which reign the box was made; they can be VR, ER 7th, GR, GR 6th and ER II.
From 1857 wall box-type letter boxes came into use for fixing into existing walls. Small lamp-post boxes were first introduced in 1896 for use in London squares and later in other areas, particularly rural locations. By 1860 over 2,000 roadside letter boxes had been set up in all parts of the United Kingdom; by the end of the century there were over 33,500, with many more found throughout the British Empire.
Notable Manufacturers
Some of the more notable manufacturers of pillar boxes include:
John M Butt & Company
Andrew Handyside of Derby
Smith & Hawkes
Cochrane & Company
H & M D Grissell
Suttie & Company
Cochrane, Grove & Company
H & C Smith
W T Allen & Company
James Ludlow
Eagle Range & Foundry Company
Derby Castings
Vandyke Engineers Of Harlow
Carron Company